Machine for making records on statistical cards



Jan. 8, 1935. F. G. s ENGLISH 1,987,395

MACHINE FOR MAKING RECORDS ON STATISTICAL CARDS Filed April 21, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 IZZSZ/gZILY/a Jan. 8, 1935. F G, 5 ENGUSH 1,987,395

MACHINE FOR MAKING RECORDS ON STATISTICAL CARDS Filed April 21, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 2.

Jan. 8, 1935. F. G. s. ENGLISH MACHINE FOR MAKING RECORDS ON STATISTICAL CARDS Filed April 21, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jan. 8, 1935. F. G. s. ENGLISH MACHINE FOR MAKING RECORDS ON STATISTICAL CARDS Filed April 21, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ade-7213a 1767.575 11)- Patented Jan. 8, 1935 PATENT OFFICE MACHINE "FOR 'MAKING RECORDS ON STA- TISTICAL CARDS Francis Guy Sydenham English, West Croydon,

England, assignor 'to The Accounting & Tabulating Corporation of London, England Great Britain Limited,

Application April 21, 1932, Serial No. 606,664 In Great :Britain April 24, 1931 15 Claims.

This invention relates to machines for making records on statistical cards.

Statistical cards are usually perforated for the purpose of impressing the record, and it is general 5 practice "to use what is known as a perforating machine in which .a .set of punches is operated from a keyboard to :produce 'theseirecords.

The keyboard usually includes'a punch key which, on being operated, utilizes the setting made from the keyboard to select and actuate the punches to produce the perforations.

forms of operation have heretofore been effected on such machines. In one form the cards have been perforated with a record set up from data in a book, .or other source of informa- MOD.

Machines for this operation have included automatic means for feeding the cards, which are previously stacked in a magazine in a sequence corresponding to the sequence of the data to :be put into the. cards, unless, Of course, they are .blank cards, so that the operator has merely to operate the keyboard tomake a setting and then operate the punch key to have the setting impressed on the cards; automatically anext card is fed forward and the operator merely has to make a new entry from the next line'of information in the book from which the data is being copied.

In this form of machine the magazine is closed at the .top by a plate, which acts as a weight on the cards, keeping them on .the bottom .of the magazine, and the cards are fed from the bottom of the magazine over a throat block to the machine.

In the other form of operation the machine is used to form a perforated record on the card of the written matter already thereon. Now this involves the sight of each card by the operator whilst making'a setting. Accordingly, for this operation a magazine such as already referred to is impractical, because the cards are fed from the .bottom and, therefore, the upper cards hide the card to be punched, hence the written matter upon it cannot be seen; consequently, to use such a machine the cards would have to be placed one by one into the magazine. "Thus :for. this form of operation a machine without a magazine is employed, and instead two guides are placed on the bed-plate with suitable steps so that a card can be put in register ready for feeding, read, and the setting made, and then on the operation of the punch key fed forward to produce the impression of the setting.

From the foregoing it will be observed that the operation of punching cards from a written record thereon takes considerably longer than punching cards with data from a book.

The object of the present invention is to speed up the former operation, and to provide a machine in which the card is presented to the operator in exactly the same way as before for read- "iug purposes, so that the speed of the operator is not; any way affected by having to work under new circumstances.

.In accordance with the present invention a :punch perforating machine for statistical cards comprises the combination with the keyboard of the-.rnachine, of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the key board and below the line of feed of the rolls which feed a card to the punching mechanism, a transparent top to the magazine, disposed above the line of feed so as to form a throat to the magazine in alignment with the line of feed, means urging the top card in the magazine upwardly into the line of .feed and against the transparent top for reading purposes, and power actuated picker mechanism .for feeding the top card through the throat into the feed rolls prior to the operation of the punching mechanism.

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood reference will be made to its embodiment in a Powers punching machine, for example,

of the type described in British patent specification No. 328,255, though it will be readily understood that it is not essential though preferable, that the punch key shall cause the automatic return of the carriage after a punching operation to initial position preparatory forthe next setting.

One preferred embodiment of such application ofthe invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section;

Fig. 2 a front elevation, looking from the right of Fig. 1 with the door and its associated parts being omitted for sake of clearness, and

Fig. 3 a plan of card feeding mechanism according to the invention;

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are diagrammatic views illustrating the method of feeding the cards;

Fig. '7 is an elevation to an enlarged scale showing the manner of mounting the door on the mag azine; and Y Fig. 8 is a front elevation showing a modification of the door of the magazine;

Fig. 9 is a plan of Fig. 8; and Fig. 10 is a side elevation of Fig. 8.

In the drawings the feed rolls which take the cards from the magazine into the machine are indicated at 1, these being the normal feed rolls of a Powers punching machine which are associated with an extra pair of rolls 1a., employed to make this embodiment of the invention as nearly standard as possible.

In alignment with the line of feed is the throat of the magazine, which is constituted by i the throat knives 2 and the glass top 3 of the maga- 'the purpose hereafter explained.

6 of the accompanying drawings.

is hereafter so referred to, and a fixed plate 5 on which the throat knives are mounted. V

The glass top 3 to the magazine is located on the side walls 4a by brackets 3a. secured to the tops of the side walls, packing 32) being interposed j -When -the cards are curled as shown in Fig.

between the brackets and the glass.

The bottom of the magazine is constituted by a platform 6, which is supported by two springs 7, one of which is shown in Fig. 1, the springs being carried on a base member 8 fixedon the frame of the machine, and through which pass two guide rods 9, which conveniently form two limbs of a U member, as indicated in Fig. 2, for

This arrangement is found to give a balanced support to the platform and is accordingly preferred, although other forms of construction, for instance, a single guide post, may be employed.

When the magazine is fully charged the springs 7 are compressed and hold the cards up against the glass top 3. Preferably,'the glass top is not parallel to the line of feed past the rolls 1, but is slightly inclined thereto, for example, making an angle of 5 therewith, and preferably, also, the platform 6 is not parallel to the line of feed, but is slightly tilted away therefrom so that there is an angle of say 2 /2 between the line of feed and a plane containing the face of the platform.

The cards are fed to the throat of the magazine by picker knives 10 which operate on the top card of the batch in the magazine; two picker knives are employed as clearly shown in 3, being mounted in guard plates 11. Consequently in this form of construction, which is the preferred form of construction, the springs '7 being compressed by the magazine being charged, do not hold the top card in complete surface contact with the glass top of the magazine, which card is held partly in the throat and partly by the guard plates, as hereafter fully explained.

Statistical cards in use have a tendency to curl either longitudinally or transversely. Where perforated cards are fed from the bottom of a magazine, as in a machine of the kind described in British patent specification No. 328,255,, in which they are held by a weighted plate, this tendency is materially overcome. However, even in that form of magazine a throat block is employed, the function of which is to ensure that the bottomcard is presented to the throat at the bottom of the magazine whether the card is curled or not.

The most difficult curl to deal with is that in which the curl is across the width of the'card, and this curl is least affected by any pressure which may be applied to the batch when in a magazine.

In operation the leading edge of the card rests on the sloping face of the throat block against the pressure of the cards and the weight, but even with such provisions acard will not always be taken by the picker when there is a bad curl across the width of the .card. 1 1

tions according to the present invention will be clearly understood by reference to Figs. 4, 5 and As already stated the glass top 3 forms the top of the throat and the knives'2 constitute the bottom of the throat, the latter being adjustable so that the requisite throat gap for the selection of one card may be accurately set, thereby a throat block is not an essential to the construction and obliteration of a part of the card by the use thereof eliminated.

The card is picked by the picker knives 10 which are adjustably set in the guard plates 11, and which with the guard plates form a shoulder or ledge sumcient to pick one card.

4, the picker knives pressing on the rear edge of thecard cause the card to feed through the throat of the magazine to the rolls 1a and 1. If, however, the cards have the curl shown in Fig. 5, the effect of the initial feeding movement of the picker is partially obstructed by the forward longitudinal margin of the card being supported on the throat knives 2 and disposed against'the glass top of the magazine,.thereby a resistance to forward movement is offered. The momentary arrest of the card allows the pressure from the knife to be accumulated in the. card until the latter springs, in the manner of a diaphragm, into the curled position shown in Fig. 4; a further movement of the picker knife passes the card through the'throat, as clearly shown in Fig. 6. i

At this position the movement of the picker is arrested, and it will be observed that the card is ready. for feeding into the machine and that the whole of the card is visible through the glass 7 top 3 of the magazine, except, of course, forthat part which is covered by the guard plate 11, but as this portion of the card, which may be obliterated, is only'that employed'for designating the columns it is not a material part for the operation of the machine by reading the card. How'- ever, in any case acolumn indicator strip (not shown) maybe mounted on the guard plates, thus replacing the covered numbers.

With the card in the position shown in Fig. 6 the operator makes a setting on the keyboard according to the written matter on the card, there- 'after the machine is operated, for example, by

depressing the punch key to cause the. picker knives to complete'the feeding operation, to return to initial position and advance again 'to the position shown in Fig. 6 so that the 'next card'is visible.

- From the foregoing it will be abserved that on the operation of the punch key one card cycle of the machine obtains, the said cycle involving moving the card from the position shown in Fig. 6 into and through the machine and presenting thenext card in the position shown in Fig. 6.

In the construction illustrated the guard plates 11 are mounted on a cross member 12' which is pivoted on arms 13 pivoted at Men the side walls 4a'the studs 14 being stationarily mounted on the fixed side walls 42, which arms are rocked from an eccentric 15 mounted on the main shaft 16 of the machine through the agency of links 1'? connecting the eccentrics to the arms 13.

The card cyclereferred to above will consist of one revolution of the shaft 16 obtained through the onerevolution clutch mechanism described and shown in the aforementioned British patent specification No. 328,255 and operating whenthe punch key is depressed, the timing of the machine being such as to cause the card to be fed under the punches before the latter operate.

Preferablythe magazine is constructed with a door which is opened by downward pressure and in the open position is within or behind a vertical plane containing the door when it is closed, thereby an operator isnot inconvenienced and has not to withdraw from the machine to open the door as would result if the door was in the nature of a flap. The arrangement may be such that when the door 4 is opened the platform 6 is retracted into the lowermost position. Conveniently, also the side walls 4a are shaped, as clearly shown at 4b, so as to give them a profile assuring easy entrance of a pack of cards, and to provide small locating surfaces 40 for the pack when in the magazine.

By such an arrangement the door 4 having been opened the cards as a batch are disposed in the magazine, are set in vertical alignment by the small contact surface of the side walls 4a, and then in order to assure the cards being placed against the inner face of the throat knives 2 the inner wall of the door is preferably formed with a fiat face, or faces, so that when in closed position it moves the whole pack and holds them up against the knives 2.

Conveniently the door 4 is one which drops down vertically from the magazine when retracted from engagement with the side walls, the door being pivotally mounted on a shaft 14a carried between arms 14b fixed to a shaft Me, the ends of which are pivotally mounted in the side walls 411. The door is provided with arms 18, which normally lie over the bar portion of the U member including the posts 9, so that as the door drops the U member is forced down and with it the platform 6 at the expense of compressing the springs '7. The dropped position of the door is clearly shown in chain lines in Fig. 1.

The door carries at each side near the top brackets 19a, each of which carries a roller 19 which is held against the respective side wall 4a by a bracket member 20 fixed thereto, the arrangement being such as to form between the end wall and the bracket a vertical slot 21 for the rollers 19, terminating at the top with an inward slot 21a and at the bottom with an outward slot 21b, as clearly shown in Fig. 7.

When the door is dropped the roller passes down the vertical slot 21 and lodges in the outward slot 2117, as shown in Fig. '7; when the door is closed the roller is lodged in the inward slot 21a and held therein by a blade spring 22 secured to the respective bracket.

It will be seen, therefore, that the movement of dropping the door involves an outward move merit, a drop and a further outward movement, and the act of closing the door involves an inward movement, an upward movement in the vertical slots 21 and then a final inward movement, which latter, by reason of the inner fiat face of the door, packs the cards up against the throat knives 2.

The Z form of the slots hereinbefore described provides means arresting the tendency of the springs 1 to restore the door to the closed position by reason of the slot 21b forming a detent holding the rollers 19 against such pressure.

The blade springs 22 have a further function, namely, should the door be released from its open position and allowed to close under the action of the springs 7, the magazine being empty, the springs 22 receive the blow and prevent the card platform from striking, and possibly breaking, the glass top of the magazine. This function of the springs 22 is derived from the curved shape given to them at their upper ends.

The cross member hereinbefore referred to carrying the picker knives and pivot ng on the arms 13 is guided as it is oscillated by the arms 13, for

example, depending arms 23 may be provided, which arms carry rollers 24 which move in slots 23 in the sidewalls 4a .of the magazine.

Many modifications may be effected in the construction without departing from the spirit of the invention, for example, as shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, a spring packing plate 26 may be fitted on the inner wall of the door 4 to enhance the effect of said door wall .as a means of packing the cards against the throat knives 2 when the door is closed. The plate 26 may .hinge on the shaft 14a, its inward movement being limited by lug 2'7 conveniently integral with the plate and hooking over the wall 4, such movement being enforced by a spring 28 coiled on shaft 114a with its free ends 29 and 30 lodged between the plate and the Wall.

Further a door 4 may be cast with a rib 31 as most clearly shown in Fig. 8, the rib having a concave upper face 32. By such an arrangement, a convenient shape is given to the door for hand manipulation thereof, the concave por tion of the rib providing a convenient recess for gripping purposes.

By constructions according to the present invention a perforating machine is devised for automatically feeding cards when they are being punched in accordance with matter Written thereof.

The machine is simple in operation and easy to operate as the method of feeding involves mere- 1y dropping the door 4, charging the magazine and closing the door. Thereafter until the magazine is empty, each card is successively completely visible, so also the written records that are desired to be translated into perforations are completely visible, and moreover, the card is presented in the machine for reading with exactly the same relation to the keyboard as it was previously presented when each card was individually fed by hand to the machine, so that the operator has no new circumstances to contend with, and has the clear advantage of speed corresponding to the difference between automatic feeding and hand feeding of the cards;

Further the construction is of such a nature that there is very little difference between the hand fed machine and a machine constructed as herein described.

The method of feeding cards to the throat involving arresting and warping the cards so as to shoot them through the throat may be applied to machines operating on the passage of a card as well as to machines which operate on the card where it is passed thereinto.

Accordingly, the invention covers broadly the feeding of statistical cards to either of such forms of machine in such a manner that they are obstructed at the throat, and then distorted in the manner of a diaphragmso as to snap forward into the throat as a result of the continued pressure of the feeding means, the card therein being ready to be .fed into the machine in normal manner.

What I claim is:

1. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards, having a keyboard, feed rolls for .feedinga card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the .combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the ine of feed of the feed rolls, a transparent top to the said magazine inclined at a small angle above and towards the line of feed of the said rolls, a spring pressed floor to the magazine set at a small diverging angle to the line of feed and power actuated picker mechanism for feeding the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls prior to the operation of the punches.

2. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating thepunches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a throat to the said magazine in alignment with the line of feed of the said rolls, comprising a transparent magazine top inclined at a small angle above and towards the line of feed of the said rollers and throat knives disposed beneath the said transparent top, a spring pressed floor to the said magazine, picker knives moving beneath the inclined top in the line of feed and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches to feed the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls and to dispose the next card in the said throat for reading.

3. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an .open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a throat to the said magazine in alignment with the line of feed of the said rolls, comprising a transparent magazine top inclined at a small angle above and towards the line of feed of the said rollers and throat knives disposed beneath the said transparent top, a spring pressed floor to the said magazine, set at a small diverging angle to the line of feed, picker knives moving beneath the inclined top in the line of feed and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches to feed the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls and to dispose the next card in the said throat for reading.

4. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards including a keyboard, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and including a spring pressed floor and a wall constituted as a door, and means whereby the springs of the said fioor tend to hold the door closed. 7

5. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a transparent top to the said magazine disposed above the line of feed of the said rolls, a spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, means whereby the springs of said floor tend to hold the said door closed and power actuated picker mechanism for feeding the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls prior to the operation of the punches.

6. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a transparent top to'the said magazine disposed above the line of feed of the said rolls, a spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, means whereby the springs of said floor tend to hold the said door closed, means whereby the said door drops to open, means for retracting the said floor against the pressure of its springs when the said door is dropped, and power actuated picker mechanism for feeding the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls prior to the operation of the punches.

'7. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards, having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a transparent top to the said magazine disposed above the line of feed of the said rolls, a spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, a base member secured to the frame of the machine, a U member, the limbs of which pass through the said base member and carry the said floor, springs surrounding the said limbs and interposed between the base member and the said floor, means whereby the said door drops to open, arms to the said door overlying the bight of the said U member, whereby when the said door is dropped the said floor is retracted against the pressure of the said springs, picker knives disposed above the said door in the line of feed of the said rolls for feeding the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the said rolls and means for operating the feed knives prior to the operation of the punches.

8. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a throat to the said magazine in alignment with the line of feed of the said rolls, comprising a said rollers and throat knives disposed beneath the said transparent top, a spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, means whereby the springs of the said floor tend to hold the said door closed and power actuated picker knives disposed above the said door in the line of feed and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches to feed the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls and to dispose the next card in the said throatfor reading.

9. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a throat to the said magazine in alignment with the line of feed of the said rolls, comprising a transparent magazine top inclined at a small angle above and towards the line of feed of the said rollers and throat knives disposed beneath the said transparent top, spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, means whereby the springs of the said floor tend to hold the said door closed, means whereby the said door drops to open, means for retracting the said floor against the pressure of its springs when the said door is dropped, and power actuated picker knives disposed above the said door in the line of feed and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches to feed the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls and to dispose the next card in the said throat for reading.

10. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a throat to the said magazine in alignment with the line of feed of the said rolls, comprising a transparent magazine top inclined at a small angle above and towards the line of feed of the said rollers and throat knives disposed beneath the said transparent top, a spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, a base member secured to the frame of the machine, a U member, the limbs of which pass through the said base member and carry the said floor, springs surrounding the said limbs and interposed between the base member and the said floor, means whereby the said door drops to open, arms to the said door overlying the bight of the said U member whereby when the said door is dropped the said floor is retracted against the pressure of the said springs, and picker knives disposed above said door and moving beneath the inclined top in the line of feed and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches to feed the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls and to dispose the next card in the said throat for reading.

11. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of-feed of the feed rolls, a threat to the said magazine in alignment with the line of feed of the said rolls, comprising a transparent magazine top inclined at a small angle above and towards the line of feed of the said rollers and throat knives disposed beneath the said transparent top, a spring pressed fioor to the said magazine set at a small diverging angle to the line of feed and a door to the said magazine, a base member secured to the frame of the machine, a U member, the limbs of which pass through the said base member and carry the said floor, springs surrounding the said limbs and interposed between the base member and the said floor, means whereby the said door drops to open, arms to the said door overlying the bight of the said U member whereby when the said door is dropped the said floor is retracted against the pressure of the said springs, and picker knives disposed above said door and moving beneath the inclined top in the line of feed and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches to feed the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls and to dispose the next card in the said throat for reading.

12. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards, having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a transparent top to the said magazine disposed above the line of feed of the said rolls, a spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, a base member secured to the frame of the machine, a U member the limbs of which pass through the said base member, and carry the said floor, springs surrounding the said limbs and interposed between the base member and the said floor, pivoted arms to which the said door is pivoted, vertical guides for the said door, arms to the said door overlying the bight of the U member whereby when the said door is dropped the said floor is retracted against the pressure of the said springs, means for holding the said door in the dropped position, means for holding the said door in the closed position, resilient means braking the said door as it approaches the closed position and picker knives disposed above the said door in the line of feed of the said rolls for feeding the top card of a batch of cards on the said fioor into the said rolls, and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches.

13. In a punch perforating machine for statistical cards having a keyboard, feed rolls for feeding a card to the punches and means for operating the punches, the combination with the keyboard of an open top magazine for the cards located in juxtaposed relation to the keyboard and below the line of feed of the feed rolls, a throat to the said magazine in alignment with the line of feed of the said rolls, comprising a transparent magazine top inclined at a small angle above and towards the line of feed of the said rollers and throat knives disposed beneath the said transparent top, a spring pressed floor and a door to the said magazine, a base member secured to the frame of the machine, a U member the limbs of which pass through the said base member and carry the said floor, springs surrounding the said limbs and interposed between the base member and the said floor, vertical Z guides including springs terminating the top sides of the said guides, rollers on the said door engaging in said guides, arms to the said door overlying the bight of the said U member whereby when the said door is dropped the said floor is retracted and held by the said guides against the pressure of the said springs, picker knives disposed above the said door in the line of feed of the said feed rolls and means for operating the said knives prior to the operation of the punches to feed the top card of a batch of cards on the said floor into the feed rolls and to dispose the next card in the said throat for reading.

14. The structure of claim 12 including means on the said door for packing the cards in the magazine.

15. The structure of claim 13 including a card packing plate mounted on the inner side of the said door, spring means urging the said plates inwardly and -means limiting the said inward movement of said plate.

FRANCIS GUY SYDENHAM ENGLISH. 

